Improving Indoor Air Quality with the Right Air Filter

Choosing the right air filter is one of the most important steps in improving indoor air quality and ensuring your HVAC system runs efficiently. With so many options available—HEPA, pleated, fiberglass, electrostatic, and more—homeowners often feel overwhelmed when selecting the best filter for their needs. Understanding the different air filter types, their efficiency ratings, and recommended replacement schedules can help you make an informed decision that keeps your home comfortable and your air clean.

Let’s break down the most common HVAC air filter types, how they work, and what to consider when choosing the right filter for your heating and cooling system.

Types Of Air Filters

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Understanding Air Filter Ratings: MERV, HEPA & Efficiency

Before diving into specific filter types, it’s important to understand how air filter efficiency is measured.

MERV Rating

MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) measures how effectively a filter captures particles. Ratings range from 1 to 20:

  • MERV 1–4: Basic filtration, captures large dust particles
  • MERV 5–8: Standard home use, captures dust, pollen, mold spores
  • MERV 9–12: Higher efficiency, captures smaller particles such as pet dander
  • MERV 13–16: Hospital-grade filtration capable of capturing bacteria
  • MERV 17–20: Specialized filters (HEPA-level)

Higher MERV ratings offer better filtration but may restrict airflow if your HVAC system is not designed for them. Always check your system’s manufacturer guidelines.

HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air)

HEPA filters trap 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns. While ideal for air purifiers and medical environments, most central HVAC systems are not built to handle HEPA filters due to their density.

Common Types of Air Filters

Fiberglass Filters

Fiberglass filters are the most affordable and commonly used in basic HVAC systems. They offer low-resistance airflow and protect the system from large dust particles.

Pros

  • Inexpensive
  • Good airflow
  • Basic HVAC protection

Cons

  • Low filtration efficiency
  • Does not effectively remove allergens

Replacement Schedule: Every 30 days

Pleated Air Filters

Pleated filters are made from polyester or cotton and offer a significant upgrade over fiberglass filters. Their larger surface area allows them to trap smaller particles, improving indoor air quality.

Pros

  • Better filtration of dust, pollen, and mold spores
  • Available in MERV 8–13
  • Long-lasting

Cons

  • Slightly higher cost
  • Higher-density filters may reduce airflow if not compatible with your HVAC system

Replacement Schedule: Every 60–90 days depending on home conditions

HEPA Filters

HEPA filters offer the highest filtration efficiency, capturing smoke, bacteria, viruses, and microscopic debris. These are often used in standalone air purifiers, not central HVAC systems, unless your system is specifically designed for HEPA compatibility.

Pros

  • Superior filtration
  • Ideal for allergy and asthma sufferers
  • Captures ultrafine particles

Cons

  • Not compatible with most HVAC systems
  • Expensive
  • May require professional installation

Replacement Schedule: Every 6–12 months depending on usage

Electrostatic Filters

Electrostatic filters use static electricity to attract and capture airborne particles. They come in both disposable and washable options.

Pros

  • Excellent at removing smoke, dust, and allergens
  • Reusable versions reduce long-term cost
  • Good airflow performance

Cons

  • Must be cleaned regularly
  • Washable versions lose efficiency over time

Replacement Schedule: Disposable: every 90 days | Washable: clean monthly, replace every 2–3 years

Activated Carbon Filters

These filters contain activated charcoal that removes odors, smoke, and chemical fumes. They are often paired with other filter types.

Pros

  • Excellent odor control
  • Reduces VOCs and gases
  • Ideal for homes with pets or smokers

Cons

  • Must be combined with another filter to remove dust
  • Needs frequent replacement

Replacement Schedule: Every 60–90 days.

How to Choose the Right Air Filter

Choosing the right filter depends on several factors:

1. Household Needs

  • Allergies or asthma: Choose a pleated or HEPA-level filter
  • Pets: A filter with a MERV 10+ rating
  • Smokers or strong odors: Activated carbon filter
  • Basic use: Standard pleated or fiberglass

2. HVAC System Compatibility

Higher-MERV filters restrict airflow. Always follow manufacturer guidelines to avoid damaging your system.

3. Home Environment

Dusty areas, high-pollen regions, and homes with multiple occupants may require more frequent filter changes.

4. Budget Considerations

Pleated and electrostatic filters offer the best value for long-term performance.

Let’s Improve Your Indoor Air Quality, Choose the Right Air Filter

Understanding the different air filter types—HEPA, pleated, fiberglass, and electrostatic—helps you make informed decisions that support better indoor air quality and HVAC efficiency. Selecting the right filter keeps your home cleaner, reduces allergens, and extends the lifespan of your HVAC system.

Need help finding the best air filter for your home? Contact Better Air Northwest today for personalized recommendations and expert installation.

Air Filter Replacements

Frequently Asked Questions About Air Filter Types

Which Air Filter is Best for Allergies?
Pleated filters with a MERV 10–13 rating or HEPA filters provide excellent filtration for allergens.
How Often Should I Replace My Air Filter?
Most filters should be replaced every 30–90 days, depending on the type and home conditions.
Can I Use a HEPA Filter in My HVAC System?
Most systems are not designed for HEPA filters. Always consult your HVAC technician first.
Do Washable Filters Work Well?
Electrostatic washable filters work effectively but require regular cleaning and may lose efficiency over time.